Risk Factors and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

Alexander Krist , M.D. Family Practice Obstetrics & Gynecology

Q:  What are factors that increase a person's chance of getting colorectal cancer?
Age is the biggest risk factor for colorectal cancer. About 9 out of 10 people with colorectal cancer are 50 or older. Since age is a risk factor we cannot change, it is important to begin routine screening at age fifty.

Q:  Are there other risk factors for colorectal cancer that we cannot change?
People with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps are at increased risk for the disease. A personal history of polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, or colorectal cancer also increases a person's chance of getting colorectal cancer. It is important that patients share their personal and family history with their physician. They will likely need to begin screening earlier than age 50.

Q:  Are there things we can do to reduce our chances of getting colorectal cancer?
Yes, although the exact cause of colorectal cancer is unknown. Approximately 90% of all colorectal cancer deaths are thought to be preventable. Screening to remove polyps before they have a chance to become cancerous may help to prevent this disease.

Improving our diet is another important step we can take to prevent colorectal cancer. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables and whole grain foods. Limiting foods high in fat, especially red meats, is important too.

Being overweight and being inactive are two additional risk factors for colorectal cancer. Eating a balanced diet and exercising for at least 30 minutes on most days are behaviors we can control to prevent colorectal cancer.

Smokers are 30 percentage to 40 percentage more likely than nonsmokers to die of colorectal cancer, one more good reason to avoid tobacco.

Q:  Do you recommend taking vitamins or other supplements to protect against colorectal cancer?
Some preliminary studies suggest that aspirin like drugs, post-menopausal hormones, folic acid, calcium supplements, selenium, or vitamin E may help prevent colorectal cancer. We are waiting, however, for conclusive evidence of their protective value before recommending any supplements.

Resources:
Reducing Your Cancer Risk
Beat the Odds